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《国家与革命》The State and Revolution

The State and RevolutionOriginal title: 国家与革命

列宁V. I. Lenin 1917 book · core 国家理论、战略与路线State Theory, Strategy

《国家与革命》围绕说明国家、法律、民主和政权为什么不能脱离阶级关系来理解展开：关于国家、巴黎公社、无产阶级专政和过渡时期的核心著作。阅读时应避免把复杂论证压缩成口号，而要保留对象、结构和来源线索。The State and Revolution helps readers explain why state, law, democracy, and political power cannot be understood apart from class relations: Core work on the state, Paris Commune, dictatorship of the proletariat, and transition. Use the text to practice historically grounded, source-verifiable interpretation.

核心作品 · 编辑优先复核中Core text · editorial priority查看复核与版权状态Review and rights status

进入精品复核轨道，但在五项人工签核完成前，不显示为已人工复核。Placed on the featured review track; it is not labeled human-reviewed until all five checks are signed off.

人工复核：待五项签核Human review: pending five signoffs

中文来源入口Chinese sourceEnglish sourceEnglish source返回作品目录Back to catalog
国家与革命 站内资料视觉卡，包含作者、年份和主题意象。 / The State and Revolution site-generated reference visual card with author, year, and thematic imagery.
《国家与革命》站内生成资料视觉卡The State and Revolution site-generated reference visual card 本站基于作品元数据生成的原创资料视觉卡；未直接复制外部图片、现代书封、商业封面或二创图。Site-original reference visual generated from local work metadata; no external image, modern book cover, commercial cover, or fan artwork is copied. International Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copiedInternational Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copied

导读摘要Guide Summary

这篇讲什么What This Text Addresses

历史背景Historical Background

列宁在1917年革命危机中重读马克思、恩格斯国家理论，集中反驳把国家中立化的改良主义解释。In the crisis of 1917, Lenin rereads Marx and Engels on the state and rebuts reformist interpretations that neutralize the state.

文本结构Text Structure

文本从国家的阶级性质、巴黎公社经验、过渡时期和国家消亡等问题逐章展开。The text proceeds through the class character of the state, the Paris Commune, transition, and the withering away of the state.

核心概念Key Concepts

  • 国家机器
  • 阶级统治
  • 巴黎公社
  • 过渡时期
  • 国家消亡
  • state machine
  • class rule
  • Paris Commune
  • transition period
  • withering away of the state

阅读顺序Reading Order

先通读标题、目录和推荐理由，再围绕“国家机器”“阶级统治”标注段落，最后把文本放回学习阶段任务中复盘。First read the title, outline, and recommendation; then mark passages around “state machine” and “class rule”; finally review it through the stage task.

推荐理由与学习路径Reason and Study Path

为什么读这篇Why Read This Text

建议作为04 国家、阶级统治与革命问题的阅读材料：它能帮助读者围绕国家理论、战略与路线形成可核验的文本笔记。Recommended as Entry reading: it helps place State Theory and Strategy in a systematic path. Current text status:

04 国家、阶级统治与革命问题04 State, Class Rule, and the Question of Revolution

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读前先知道Before Reading

  • 国家是否能被看成中立裁判？
  • 为什么巴黎公社如此重要？
  • 民主为什么有阶级内容？
  • Can the state be seen as a neutral arbiter?
  • Why is the Paris Commune so important?
  • Why does democracy have class content?

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读后检查After Reading

检查问题Review Questions

  • 能否说明旧国家机器为何不能简单接管？
  • 能否区分民主形式与阶级内容？
  • 能否把本文与《法兰西内战》互相印证？
  • Can you explain why the old state machine cannot simply be taken over?
  • Can you distinguish democratic form from class content?
  • Can you cross-read this with The Civil War in France?

常见误区Common Misreadings

  • 把文本变成抽象国家崇拜。
  • 把“专政”脱离阶级内容和历史语境。
  • 忽视文本对机会主义解释的批判对象。
  • Turning the text into abstract state worship.
  • Detaching “dictatorship” from class content and historical context.
  • Ignoring the reformist interpretations Lenin is criticizing.

本阶段学习任务Stage Task

做一张概念图：国家、阶级统治、民主形式、法律机构、公社经验之间的关系。Make a concept map linking state, class rule, democratic form, legal institutions, and Commune experience.

公开来源入口Public Source Entries

从可追溯来源开始阅读Start from Traceable Sources

本站优先提供作品导读、版本说明、引用格式和可追溯的公开来源入口；未核验为公版或授权的全文不复制到站内。This site prioritizes work guides, edition notes, citation format, and traceable public source entries; unverified or unauthorized full texts are not copied locally.

公开来源检索Chinese source英文来源入口Exact public source

引用格式Citation

列宁：《国家与革命》，1917。国际马列主义研究与行动网络：https://imra-network.org/articles/lenin-state-revolution.html

导读来源说明Guide Source

导读如何生成How This Guide Was Prepared

导读依据：公开参考资料Public reference used

该导读参考公开档案、来源页、作品元数据和本站已有摘要改写，不复制外部导读原文。This guide paraphrases public archive/source information, catalog metadata, and site summaries without copying external guide text.

该导读已完成编辑复核。This guide has completed editorial review.

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中文文献格式Chinese citation format

列宁：《国家与革命》，1917。国际马列主义研究与行动网络，https://imra-network.org/en/articles/lenin-state-revolution.html。

MLA

V. I. Lenin. "The State and Revolution." International Marxist Reading Archive, 1917, https://imra-network.org/en/articles/lenin-state-revolution.html.

Chicago

V. I. Lenin. "The State and Revolution." International Marxist Reading Archive. Accessed June 21, 2026. https://imra-network.org/en/articles/lenin-state-revolution.html.

读完你应该能回答什么What You Should Be Able to Answer

阅读后问题Reading Outcome Questions

  1. 《国家与革命》是在回应什么历史处境、理论争论或组织问题？What historical situation, theoretical debate, or organizational problem does The State and Revolution address?
  2. 它怎样说明国家、法律或民主不能脱离阶级关系来理解？How does it show that the state, law, or democracy cannot be understood apart from class relations?
  3. 它的核心论证分几步推进，哪些概念不能只按口号理解？What are the main steps in the argument, and which concepts should not be reduced to slogans?
  4. 哪些判断需要回到具体版本、来源和写作对象中核验？Which claims need to be checked against the specific edition, source, and intended audience?

常见误读Common Misreadings

不要这样读Avoid These Readings

  • 不要把文本只当作脱离历史处境的口号或结论表。Do not treat the text as a list of slogans detached from its historical situation.
  • 不要把国家理解成超阶级、中立的行政机器。Do not treat the state as a neutral administrative machine above classes.
  • 不要把公开链接可访问误认为版权、译本或版本身份已经授权。Do not confuse a reachable public link with copyright, translation, or edition authorization.

文本关系网Text Network

把这篇放回思想网络Place this work back into the network

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