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《矛盾论》On Contradiction

On Contradiction矛盾论

毛泽东Mao Zedong 1937 article · core 哲学与方法、战略与路线Philosophy and Method, Strategy

《矛盾论》围绕从实践、矛盾和社会关系出发理解历史唯物主义方法展开：系统论述矛盾普遍性、特殊性、主要矛盾和主要方面。建议按“出处—问题—概念—延伸阅读”的顺序做笔记，避免只摘结论。On Contradiction helps readers understand historical materialist method through practice, contradiction, and social relations: Systematic account of universality, particularity, principal contradiction, and principal aspect. Read it by moving from source verification to argument structure and then to related works.

核心作品 · 编辑优先复核中Core text · editorial priority查看复核与版权状态Review and rights status

进入精品复核轨道，但在五项人工签核完成前，不显示为已人工复核。Placed on the featured review track; it is not labeled human-reviewed until all five checks are signed off.

人工复核：待五项签核Human review: pending five signoffs

中文来源入口Chinese sourceEnglish sourceEnglish source返回作品目录Back to catalog
矛盾论 站内资料视觉卡，包含作者、年份和主题意象。 / On Contradiction site-generated reference visual card with author, year, and thematic imagery.
《矛盾论》站内生成资料视觉卡On Contradiction site-generated reference visual card 本站基于作品元数据生成的原创资料视觉卡；未直接复制外部图片、现代书封、商业封面或二创图。Site-original reference visual generated from local work metadata; no external image, modern book cover, commercial cover, or fan artwork is copied. International Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copiedInternational Marxist-Leninist Research & Action Network · Site-original generated visual card from local work metadata; no external image copied

导读摘要Guide Summary

这篇讲什么What This Text Addresses

历史背景Historical Background

《矛盾论》系统说明矛盾普遍性和特殊性，旨在反对机械套用和单线因果。On Contradiction explains universality and particularity of contradiction, opposing mechanical application and one-line causality.

文本结构Text Structure

文本讨论矛盾普遍性、特殊性、主要矛盾、矛盾主要方面、同一性和斗争性。It discusses universality, particularity, principal contradiction, principal aspect, identity, and struggle of opposites.

核心概念Key Concepts

  • 矛盾
  • 特殊性
  • 主要矛盾
  • 主要方面
  • 具体分析
  • contradiction
  • particularity
  • principal contradiction
  • principal aspect
  • concrete analysis

阅读顺序Reading Order

先通读标题、目录和推荐理由，再围绕“矛盾”“特殊性”标注段落，最后把文本放回学习阶段任务中复盘。First read the title, outline, and recommendation; then mark passages around “contradiction” and “particularity”; finally review it through the stage task.

推荐理由与学习路径Reason and Study Path

为什么读这篇Why Read This Text

建议作为02 方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义的阅读材料：它能帮助读者围绕哲学与方法、战略与路线形成可核验的文本笔记。Recommended as Core reading: it helps place Philosophy and Method and Strategy in a systematic path. Current text status:

02 方法论：从感受进入历史唯物主义02 Method: From Experience to Historical Materialism

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读前先知道Before Reading

  • 为什么同一套结论不能到处机械套用？
  • 主要矛盾如何随条件变化？
  • 具体分析为何是方法而不是借口？
  • Why cannot one set of conclusions be mechanically applied everywhere?
  • How does the principal contradiction change with conditions?
  • Why is concrete analysis a method rather than an excuse?

阅读训练Reading Training

阅读后检查After Reading

检查问题Review Questions

  • 能否区分主要矛盾和矛盾主要方面？
  • 能否用一个公开案例说明矛盾特殊性？
  • 能否避免把辩证法变成万能套话？
  • Can you distinguish principal contradiction from principal aspect?
  • Can you use a public case to explain particularity?
  • Can you avoid turning dialectics into universal clichés?

常见误区Common Misreadings

  • 把矛盾论背成标签。
  • 把主要矛盾固定化。
  • 用“复杂”回避分析和证据。
  • Memorizing contradiction theory as labels.
  • Fixing the principal contradiction once for all.
  • Using “complexity” to avoid analysis and evidence.

本阶段学习任务Stage Task

选择一个专题，列出主要矛盾、次要矛盾、矛盾主要方面和资料证据。Choose one topic and list principal contradiction, secondary contradictions, principal aspect, and evidence.

公开来源入口Public Source Entries

从可追溯来源开始阅读Start from Traceable Sources

本站优先提供作品导读、版本说明、引用格式和可追溯的公开来源入口；未核验为公版或授权的全文不复制到站内。This site prioritizes work guides, edition notes, citation format, and traceable public source entries; unverified or unauthorized full texts are not copied locally.

公开来源检索Chinese source英文来源入口Exact public source

引用格式Citation

毛泽东：《矛盾论》，1937。国际马列主义研究与行动网络：https://imra-network.org/articles/mao-on-contradiction.html

导读来源说明Guide Source

导读如何生成How This Guide Was Prepared

导读依据：公开参考资料Public reference used

该导读参考公开档案、来源页、作品元数据和本站已有摘要改写，不复制外部导读原文。This guide paraphrases public archive/source information, catalog metadata, and site summaries without copying external guide text.

该导读已完成编辑复核。This guide has completed editorial review.

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引用前请同时记录访问日期，并根据你所在机构要求调整格式。Record your access date and adjust the format to your institution's rules.

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中文文献格式Chinese citation format

毛泽东：《矛盾论》，1937。国际马列主义研究与行动网络，https://imra-network.org/articles/mao-on-contradiction.html。

MLA

Mao Zedong. "On Contradiction." International Marxist Reading Archive, 1937, https://imra-network.org/articles/mao-on-contradiction.html.

Chicago

Mao Zedong. "On Contradiction." International Marxist Reading Archive. Accessed June 21, 2026. https://imra-network.org/articles/mao-on-contradiction.html.

读完你应该能回答什么What You Should Be Able to Answer

阅读后问题Reading Outcome Questions

  1. 《矛盾论》是在回应什么历史处境、理论争论或组织问题？What historical situation, theoretical debate, or organizational problem does On Contradiction address?
  2. 它怎样把哲学问题转化为历史、实践和社会关系问题？How does it turn philosophical questions into questions of history, practice, and social relations?
  3. 它的核心论证分几步推进，哪些概念不能只按口号理解？What are the main steps in the argument, and which concepts should not be reduced to slogans?
  4. 哪些判断需要回到具体版本、来源和写作对象中核验？Which claims need to be checked against the specific edition, source, and intended audience?

常见误读Common Misreadings

不要这样读Avoid These Readings

  • 不要把文本只当作脱离历史处境的口号或结论表。Do not treat the text as a list of slogans detached from its historical situation.
  • 不要把方法论读成抽象术语表，而不回到实践、历史和材料。Do not read method as an abstract glossary detached from practice, history, and evidence.
  • 不要把公开链接可访问误认为版权、译本或版本身份已经授权。Do not confuse a reachable public link with copyright, translation, or edition authorization.

文本关系网Text Network

把这篇放回思想网络Place this work back into the network

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